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Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position).cite-ref-1[1]cite-ref-2[2] It is also called geospatial data and information, georeferenced data and information, as well as geodata and geoinformation.

Location information (known by the many names mentioned here) is stored in a geographic information system (GIS).

There are also many different types of geodata, including vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files, and multi-temporal data.

Spatial data or spatial information is broader class of data whose geometry is relevant but it is not necessarily georeferenced, such as in computer-aided design (CAD), see geometric modeling.

• Fields of study

• See also

• References

• Further reading

• External links

Geographic data and information are the subject of a number of overlapping fields of study, mainly:

• Geocomputation

• Geographic information science

• Geographic information science and technology

• Geoinformatics

• Geomatics

• Geovisualization

• Technical geography

"Geospatial technology" may refer to any of "geomatics", "geomatics", or "geographic information technology."

The above is in addition to other related fields, such as:

• Cartography

• Geodesy

• Geography

• Geostatistics

• Photogrammetry

• Remote sensing

• Spatial data analysis

• Surveying

• Topography

• Geomatics engineering

• Earth observation data

• Geographic feature

• Georeferencing

• Geospatial intelligence

• Ubiquitous geographic information

cite-note-11. ↑ Geolexica, the authoritative glossary for geographic information technology from ISO/TC 211

cite-note-22. ↑ Geolexica, the authoritative glossary for geographic information technology from ISO/TC 211

• Roger A. Longhorn; Michael Blakemore (2007). Geographic Information: Value, Pricing, Production, and Consumption. CRC Press.

• Media related to Geographic data and information at Wikimedia Commons